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Harlow v. Fitzgerald (1982)
Supreme Court of the United States - 457 U.S. 800, 73 L. Ed. 2d 396, 102 S. Ct. 2727, 1982 U.S. LEXIS 139, SCDB 1981-141
Contributed by 🤖LSDBot🤖
In a nutshell, presidential aides want absolute legal protection for their official actions, but were only granted partial protection (qualified immunity), leading to a Supreme Court appeal.
ICRA
Issue
The issue is whether the presidential aides have absolute or qualified immunity from suits for damages based on their official behavior.
Conclusion
The conclusion is that the Supreme Court rejected the claim for absolute immunity by the presidential aides. They instead granted them qualified immunity, allowing protection from insubstantial claims but holding them accountable for significant violation of established laws.
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Rule
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Analysis
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Brief Facts & Holding
Facts
- The case is focused on whether presidential aides can claim immunity in a civil damages case related to their official duties.
- The lower courts rejected the aides' motion for summary judgment and claimed they lack absolute immunity.
- The aides argued their immunity defense at the Court of Appeals and the case ultimately reached the Supreme Court.
- The Supreme Court stressed on the balance between protecting officials and upholding citizen's rights.
- It was concluded that presidential aides like cabinet members, are generally entitled to only qualified immunity, not absolute immunity.
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Holding
- Hey! This is the holding for Pennoyer v. Neff. It probably isn't the holding for the brief you're looking at. Join LSD+ for full access.
- A named property within the court's jurisdiction is attached to satisfy an unrelated claim, despite the owner of said property being a non-resident of the state.
- A named property within the court's jurisdiction is attached as the basis for the suit (e.g., to quiet title), despite the owner of said property being a non-resident of the state.
- An individual is sued who is a resident of the state, or who has been served with process while physically located within the state.
- jurisdiction - Neff is neither a resident, nor was served while within the state. Service by publication may be valid for an
- proceeding, where the owner would be made aware of the suit due to their property being seized, but not for
- jurisdiction - the action was on the basis of a suit to receive payment owed, and did not relate directly to a property within the state.
- jurisdiction, as the Oregon property was not attached to the initial suit, but rather was added in after the suit happened - note that Neff did not even purchase the property until after the suit had concluded.
- Accordingly, the Oregon court did not have jurisdiction over the initial suit between Neff and his lawyer.
- Enforcement of a judgment without jurisdiction denies due process!
- Additionally, although judgments rendered by other states are entitled to full faith and credit, if that state did not have jurisdiction to render the judgment, it loses such entitlement.
Case Deep Dive
Majority opinion by Justice Powell
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Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. . Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur. Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,. Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur. Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum
Opinion (Concurrence) by Justice Brennan,Justice Brennan,Justice Rehnquist
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Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. . Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur. Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua
Dissenting opinion by Chief Justice Burger
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Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. . Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur. Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat
Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum doloreeu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod temporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua
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